Here's a step-by-step format for writing a scientific paper, in the exact order you mentioned: Title, Keywords, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion. I’ll explain how to write each section, what to include, and give you tips to impress the examiner.
✅ 1. Title
🔹 Purpose:
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Summarizes the main idea of the paper in one sentence.
🔹 How to Write:
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Be clear, concise, and specific.
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Avoid jargon.
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Include important keywords from your research.
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Should reflect what was studied and how.
✍️ Example:
“Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity in Amylase during Starch Breakdown”
✅ 2. Keywords
🔹 Purpose:
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Helps others find your paper in databases/searches.
🔹 How to Write:
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Choose 4–6 important terms.
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Use terms related to your topic, methods, and key findings.
✍️ Example:
Keywords: Enzyme activity, Amylase, Temperature, Starch, Catalysis
✅ 3. Abstract
🔹 Purpose:
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A summary of your entire paper. Usually 150–250 words.
🔹 How to Write (Structure):
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Background/Context (1–2 lines)
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Purpose of the study
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Methods used
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Key results
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Major conclusion
✍️ Tip:
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Write this last after completing the full paper.
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Use past tense.
✍️ Example Starter:
This study investigates the effect of varying temperatures on amylase enzyme activity during starch breakdown...
✅ 4. Introduction
🔹 Purpose:
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Sets up the background and the reason for your study.
🔹 How to Write:
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Background info (What’s already known)
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Knowledge gap (What’s missing/unknown)
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Your research question or hypothesis
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Objective (What this study will do)
✍️ Example Starter:
Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugar...
✅ 5. Methods
🔹 Purpose:
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Explains how you did the experiment so it can be repeated.
🔹 How to Write:
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Materials used (be specific)
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Procedure (step-by-step, past tense)
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Variables (independent, dependent, controls)
✍️ Tips:
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Use subheadings if needed (e.g., “Materials”, “Experimental Procedure”).
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Write clearly and logically.
✍️ Example Starter:
The experiment was conducted using 1% starch solution, amylase enzyme, test tubes, and a water bath set at different temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C).
✅ 6. Results
🔹 Purpose:
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Presents the data from your experiment.
🔹 How to Write:
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Use tables, graphs, charts.
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Describe patterns, trends, or findings.
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No interpretation — just the facts.
✍️ Tips:
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Use past tense.
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Label figures/tables clearly.
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Mention if results support/refute the hypothesis briefly (save deeper analysis for the discussion).
✍️ Example Starter:
The highest enzyme activity was observed at 37°C. Activity decreased at both lower and higher temperatures.
✅ 7. Discussion
🔹 Purpose:
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Interprets results and explains their meaning.
🔹 How to Write:
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Restate findings in simple terms.
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Explain why the results happened.
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Compare with other studies (if possible).
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Mention limitations or unexpected results.
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Suggest future research.
✍️ Example Starter:
The increased enzyme activity at 37°C aligns with the optimum temperature for human enzymes. Activity declined at 50°C, likely due to denaturation...
✅ 8. Conclusion
🔹 Purpose:
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Summarizes the main findings and their importance.
🔹 How to Write:
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Restate your main result and what it means.
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Keep it brief (3–5 lines).
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Mention how it contributes to the field or applications.
✍️ Example:
This study confirmed that amylase shows highest activity at 37°C, demonstrating the effect of temperature on enzyme efficiency. These results support the enzyme’s physiological role in humans.
📚 Bonus Tip for Full Marks
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Clarity and structure are everything. Make your paper easy to follow.
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Use proper scientific vocabulary (not casual terms).
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Include labels for all tables and figures (Figure 1: Graph showing...).
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Proofread for grammar and spelling.
