Here's a step-by-step format for writing a scientific paper, in the exact order you mentioned: Title, Keywords, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion. I’ll explain how to write each section, what to include, and give you tips to impress the examiner.
✅ 1. Title
🔹 Purpose:
-
Summarizes the main idea of the paper in one sentence.
🔹 How to Write:
-
Be clear, concise, and specific.
-
Avoid jargon.
-
Include important keywords from your research.
-
Should reflect what was studied and how.
✍️ Example:
“Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity in Amylase during Starch Breakdown”
✅ 2. Keywords
🔹 Purpose:
-
Helps others find your paper in databases/searches.
🔹 How to Write:
-
Choose 4–6 important terms.
-
Use terms related to your topic, methods, and key findings.
✍️ Example:
Keywords: Enzyme activity, Amylase, Temperature, Starch, Catalysis
✅ 3. Abstract
🔹 Purpose:
-
A summary of your entire paper. Usually 150–250 words.
🔹 How to Write (Structure):
-
Background/Context (1–2 lines)
-
Purpose of the study
-
Methods used
-
Key results
-
Major conclusion
✍️ Tip:
-
Write this last after completing the full paper.
-
Use past tense.
✍️ Example Starter:
This study investigates the effect of varying temperatures on amylase enzyme activity during starch breakdown...
✅ 4. Introduction
🔹 Purpose:
-
Sets up the background and the reason for your study.
🔹 How to Write:
-
Background info (What’s already known)
-
Knowledge gap (What’s missing/unknown)
-
Your research question or hypothesis
-
Objective (What this study will do)
✍️ Example Starter:
Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugar...
✅ 5. Methods
🔹 Purpose:
-
Explains how you did the experiment so it can be repeated.
🔹 How to Write:
-
Materials used (be specific)
-
Procedure (step-by-step, past tense)
-
Variables (independent, dependent, controls)
✍️ Tips:
-
Use subheadings if needed (e.g., “Materials”, “Experimental Procedure”).
-
Write clearly and logically.
✍️ Example Starter:
The experiment was conducted using 1% starch solution, amylase enzyme, test tubes, and a water bath set at different temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C).
✅ 6. Results
🔹 Purpose:
-
Presents the data from your experiment.
🔹 How to Write:
-
Use tables, graphs, charts.
-
Describe patterns, trends, or findings.
-
No interpretation — just the facts.
✍️ Tips:
-
Use past tense.
-
Label figures/tables clearly.
-
Mention if results support/refute the hypothesis briefly (save deeper analysis for the discussion).
✍️ Example Starter:
The highest enzyme activity was observed at 37°C. Activity decreased at both lower and higher temperatures.
✅ 7. Discussion
🔹 Purpose:
-
Interprets results and explains their meaning.
🔹 How to Write:
-
Restate findings in simple terms.
-
Explain why the results happened.
-
Compare with other studies (if possible).
-
Mention limitations or unexpected results.
-
Suggest future research.
✍️ Example Starter:
The increased enzyme activity at 37°C aligns with the optimum temperature for human enzymes. Activity declined at 50°C, likely due to denaturation...
✅ 8. Conclusion
🔹 Purpose:
-
Summarizes the main findings and their importance.
🔹 How to Write:
-
Restate your main result and what it means.
-
Keep it brief (3–5 lines).
-
Mention how it contributes to the field or applications.
✍️ Example:
This study confirmed that amylase shows highest activity at 37°C, demonstrating the effect of temperature on enzyme efficiency. These results support the enzyme’s physiological role in humans.
📚 Bonus Tip for Full Marks
-
Clarity and structure are everything. Make your paper easy to follow.
-
Use proper scientific vocabulary (not casual terms).
-
Include labels for all tables and figures (Figure 1: Graph showing...).
-
Proofread for grammar and spelling.
0 Comments